Moons

Explore the many, diverse moons of our Solar System. Find out what makes them special with this online course from The Open University.

Duration

8 weeks

Weekly study

3 hours

100% online

How it works

Unlimited subscription

Learn more

Established

1969

Location

Milton Keynes, UK

World ranking

Source: Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020

Discover the amazing diversity of moons in our Solar System

There are lots of moons in our Solar System. The Earth is the only planet with just a single moon. Some are bigger than ours. Many are much smaller. Some moons have ongoing volcanic eruptions. Others have rivers of liquid methane. A small handful may even be home to primitive life.

This online course will allow you to explore the rich diversity of moons in our Solar System. With experts from The Open University, you’ll explore the fundamental processes that have shaped them, and the relationship between our Moon and the Earth.

The course was produced with the kind support of Dangoor Education.

  • Week 1

    What are moons?

    • Getting started

      Meet scientists describing their fascination with moons. Discuss the implications of finding life on a moon. Meet Jessica, your course guide. Take a tour through the Solar System and find out how much you already know about moons.

    • Moons and their orbits

      Learn about orbits and rotation of moons. Find out what sorts of bodies can have moons. Learn about the Moon's phases, and apply what you have learned to a question about the crescent Moon seen from the Equator.

    • How moons are formed, and tides

      Explore the origins of moons, including Earth's Moon, and how moons influence other bodies. Find out how tidal forces can keep moons geologically active.

  • Week 2

    Looking at moons

    • Moons and what they’re made of

      Like planets, moons can have an internal layered structure: a core, mantle and crust. At Jupiter and beyond, the outer part of each moon is ice that behaves like rock. How do moons get their names?

    • Craters

      Galileo discovered lunar craters in the 1600s but the debate about how they were formed was resolved only in the 20th century. Learn how different crater shapes and sizes come about, and have a go at classifying real Moon craters.

    • Making craters

      Watch an impact on the Moon in March 2013, one of hundreds detected by a NASA-led initiative since 2005. What determines crater size? Choose different impactor and target properties, and see what happens!

  • Week 3

    Looking closer

    • Volcanism on moons

      Find out about ancient volcanism on the Moon and elsewhere, as well as present-day hot volcanism on Io and icy volcanism on Enceladus. Discover the heat source that keeps such small bodies active.

    • Europa

      Explore Europa, Jupiter's icy moon that probably has an ocean below the surface. Could there be life there?

    • Small moons

      Small moons have too little gravity to pull themselves into spherical shape. Meet the tiny moons of Mars, moons orbiting asteroids, Saturn’s diverse moons (big and small), and gear up for the first visit to Pluto's moons.

  • Week 4

    Our Moon

    • Introducing the Moon

      Introducing the only moon you can see with the naked eye, how does it measure up against the others, what’s under the surface and how far away is it? What did early missions to the Moon discover, and why would we want to return?

    • Going to the Moon

      Learn about the space race, and one of the iconic moments in history when humankind first stood on the Moon. See what it was like to walk on the Moon and some experiments the astronauts undertook, like the ‘hammer and feather'.

    • Bringing it home

      The astronauts really did risk their lives, as Apollo 13 demonstrated, but they successfully landed and returned six times. Moon rock amounting to 382 kg was returned to Earth and stored in special conditions for scientific study.

  • Week 5

    What we learned from the Moon

    • Moon rocks

      Rocks are the key evidence for the Moon’s story. The meteorite-battered lunar highland rocks are more ancient than anything on Earth, and the ancient volcanoes on the Moon are better preserved than many modern volcanoes on Earth.

    • Moon rocks under the microscope

      The Moon rocks are stored at NASA, apart from fragments loaned to scientists for study. However the virtual microscope makes it possible to study Moon rocks up close and discover for yourself what they can teach us about the Moon.

    • How old is the Man in the Moon?

      How much do we know of the history of the Moon? Scientists have used both cratering density and direct dating of Moon rocks to measure the ages of events on the Moon including periods of heavy meteorite bombardment, and volcanism.

  • Week 6

    Water on the Moon

    • Dry Moon

      Scientists had long debated the presence of water, but the Apollo missions appeared to settle the matter – the Moon rocks were dry. In the few cases where water was detected, it appeared to be terrestrial contamination.

    • Wet Moon

      After the Apollo missions the debate over water on the Moon continued. Satellites orbiting the Moon in the last few years have discovered tiny amounts of water in ice within craters at the poles and locked up in rare minerals.

    • More water on the Moon and its significance

      The discovery of water was significant to more than a few academics. Water is key to human life and as a potential fuel. The presence does open new opportunities for habitation and long-distance space travel.

  • Week 7

    Exploring moons

    • How have we done so far?

      Find out about the missions that gave us our first close-up views of distant moons: Voyagers 1 and 2, Galileo and Cassini-Huygens. Learn why probes are crashed into giant planets rather than risk crashing into a moon.

    • Titan – a moon with seas of methane

      Titan is the only moon on which we have landed a probe, apart from our own Moon, and it has a dense atmosphere which makes it hard to see the surface from orbit.

    • Some other icy moons

      Compare Rhea, Miranda and Ariel - three varied icy moons.

  • Week 8

    Moons and the future

    • Moons and the future

      What does, or should, the future hold for moons exploration?

    • Life, but as we know it?

      How can life be defined and detected? What conditions does life require? Which moons are most likely to contain habitable environments?

    • Wrapping it all up

      Thoughts on moons, and that all-important end-of-course test.

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