From World War to White Heat: the RAF in the Cold War

Explore the role that the Royal Air Force played in the Cold War through the collections of the RAF Museums at Hendon and Cosford.

Duration

6 weeks

Weekly study

5 hours

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This free online course is a collaboration between the Royal Air Force (RAF) Museums and the Department of History at Royal Holloway, University of London. It will introduce you to some of the major turning points in the history of Britain in the post-1945 era.

Explore the changing role of the RAF during the Cold War

Guided by Dr Ross Mahoney, Aviation Historian, RAF Museum, and Dr Emmett Sullivan, Senior Lecturer in History, Royal Holloway, the course will examine:

  • The role of the RAF in the early Cold War period;
  • RAF’s operations across the globe in an era of decolonisation;
  • Britain’s decision to develop a nuclear deterrent;
  • The development of the RAF’s strategic nuclear capability, the V-Force;
  • The role of the RAF in defending UK airspace;
  • The re-focus on NATO after East of Suez and the transfer of the strategic nuclear role to the Royal Navy;
  • The RAF’s contribution to NATO.

Consider how the RAF is remembered and memorialised

Finally, we will consider how the RAF has been remembered and memorialised through the Cold War and beyond, with the establishment of the RAF Museums at Hendon and Cosford, the National Cold War Exhibition, and the erection of statues and monuments after 1945.

The course makes extensive use of material from the archives of the RAF Museum to illustrate the Cold War history of the RAF and was filmed on site at RAF Museum Hendon and Cosford.

  • Week 1

    The Early Cold War 1945-1953

    • Introduction

      During this activity we will introduce the main objectives of the course - and encourage you to think about one of the RAF's key Cold War roles - the nuclear deterrent - in more general terms.

    • The RAF in 1945

      Dr Ross Mahoney (Aviation Historian, RAF Museum) and I give a general overview of the course, why we selected this particular topic, and hint at what is coming in Week 1.

    • The Relief of Germany and the Berlin Air Lift

      Taking stock of things: in this, and the following sections, we will review where the RAF was in 1945 after six arduous years of war.

    • Changing Technology

      This activity will consider the evolution of the principal new aircraft the RAF acquired in the early Cold War period, with the coming of the jet age.

    • The Korean War

      We have a short discussion of the Korean War in this course relating to the RAF; but for the Cold War itself, it was a significant event

    • National Service

      From demobilization at the beginning of the week, we consider a form of conscription (under another name) from the late-1950s

    • Quiz

      This week we will be including a short quiz on some of the themes we have covered. The questions have multiple choice answers which are not necessarily 'right' or 'wrong' in absolute terms but represent different interpretations.

    • Week 1 Conclusion

      Here we draw together some thoughts about the first week

  • Week 2

    The RAF, the Empire, and a New Global Role

    • Introducton

      This week will look at the RAF beyond Britain and its NATO role, and to deployments and actions across the globe in the Cold War era and the period of decolonization.

    • The RAF in Germany before RAF Germany

      The RAF in Germany before RAF Germany - RAF Germany being the RAF organization of their forces in West Germany and then Germany 1957-1995. Here we look at the RAF in the years before RAF Germany was formed.

    • The Suez Crisis

      The Suez Crisis was a low-point in Britain's post-1945 dealings with the world. We briefly essay the circumstances around this disastrous adventurism.

    • The RAF's Global Operations Beyond the NATO Central Front

      We will spend a great deal of time during this course considering the RAF in Europe and the threat from the USSR. Ross felt we should cast the net wider, and here are a few examples of the RAF in action around the world.

    • A Diverse RAF?

      An important part of the RAF in a global role was the participation of the Empire – in the Second World War; and then as members of the Commonwealth.

    • The Falklands War

      The Falklands War may be considered as Britain's last imperial war. We consider it here as an action beyond NATO.

    • Quiz

      This is a short quiz on some of this week's themes.

    • Conclusions

      A few concluding comments for the week as a whole.

  • Week 3

    The Independent British Nuclear Deterrent

    • Introduction

      This week we will look at the efforts of Britain to become the world’s third atomic weapons state behind the U.S. and the USSR. This meant not only the diversion of resources for atomic research but also for new bombers.

    • Britain's Nuclear Deterrent

      From 1946 Britain found itself cut out of the Manhattan Project and its successors. This prompted the Attlee Labour Government in 1948 to commission Britain’s own Atomic Bomb.

    • The V-Force

      The V-Force became a matter of national pride as well as security in the 1950s. We will look at how these aircraft evolved in their commissioning and in service.

    • Thor and Skybolt

      Two U. S. missiles deployed by the RAF, or intended for the RAF’s V-Force, are considered in this activity.

    • Conclusions

      Conclusions drawn from week three of the course.

  • Week 4

    Defending the Skies

    • Introduction

      This week we will be focussing on how the RAF monitored intrusions into British airspace, and the areas over foreign soil and British seas which it had responsibility for.

    • British Skies

      While we will predominantly deal with how the RAF looked to counter Soviet bombers over Britain, this role also encompassed the seas around this island-nation and the NATO facilities the RAF were responsible for.

    • ‘Home Front during the Cold War’

      We tend not to think of a ‘Home Front’ to the Cold War, but the fear of bombers or missiles coming over was a constant concern, and did intensify at various points in the period, especially the early 1980s.

    • Intelligence Gathering

      Defending the skies also meant considerable and constant vigilance. This activity considers this in the context of the RAF over land and sea from the air.

    • Week 4 Conclusions

      Week 4 Conclusions

  • Week 5

    Aspirations, Cancellations and a New Role

    • Introduction

      As well as dealing with the changing role of the RAF from the 1962-65 period until the end of the Cold War, we will also reflect on the ‘missed opportunities’ associated with cancelled 1960s projects.

    • From Sandys to TSR-2

      In this activity we consider the limitation placed on the RAF’s procurement plans by the Government when it came to the newest technology available in the period 1957-65.

    • From Strategic to Tactical

      We started off this course saying that the RAF was arguably the finest tactical air force in the world in 1945. After 1968, this again became the RAF’s primary focus, and in a European environment.

    • Gulf War I

      The Gulf War 1990-91 was a major engagement for the RAF and other nations aligned to the U.N. - principally the U.S., but also Saudi Arabia and Egypt, as well as Britain.

    • Week 5 Conclusions

      Here we round-up this week of work, which largely deals with the last quarter-of-a-century of the Cold War.

  • Week 6

    Honouring the RAF in the Cold War and After

    • Introduction

      During this week, we will look at how the RAF Museums were conceived and built, as well as how the RAF is remembered through public memorials in and around London.

    • The RAF Museums

      Ross Mahoney discusses with colleagues at the RAF Museum the development of the Hendon and Cosford sites since 1972.

    • Memorials

      In this activity Emmett Sullivan will look at some of the memorials to the RAF in and around London.

    • Week 6 Conclusions

      Conclusions - for the course and the week

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